Land is one of the most valuable assets for many families in India. Whether you own agricultural land, are planning to purchase a plot, have inherited property, or simply want to verify details recorded against a piece of land, checking the available government land records can be an important first step.

Thanks to the digitisation of government services, people in many Indian states no longer need to visit a revenue office simply to view basic land-record information. State governments now operate online portals where citizens can search available records using details such as a Khasra number, Khata number, survey number, plot number, village, or recorded landholder’s name.

Depending on the state, these records and portals may be known as Bhulekh, Jamabandi, Bhoomi, RoR, Khatauni, Khasra, RTC, Pahani, 7/12 Extract, AnyRoR, Apna Khata, and other regional names.

This guide explains how land-record systems work in India, how to find your state’s official portal, how to search for land details online, and what you should know before relying on an online record.

What Are Land Records?

Land records are documents and database entries maintained by state revenue and land administration authorities.

They can provide information about a particular land parcel and the persons or interests recorded against it.

Depending on the state and type of record, you may find details such as:

Name of the recorded landholder
Khasra or survey number
Khata/account number
Plot number
Village and Tehsil/Taluk
Total recorded land area
Type or classification of land
Revenue-related information
Mutation entries
Cultivation details in applicable records
Remarks recorded by the revenue authority

The information available online varies significantly from one state to another.

Why Are Land Records Important?

Land records can help citizens understand what information is currently maintained by the revenue authorities for a particular property.

They can be useful when:

Checking your own land details
Planning to purchase land
Verifying a Khasra or survey number
Checking whether a mutation appears in the record
Dealing with inherited land
Applying for certain agricultural services
Handling land-related administrative matters
Comparing available records with existing documents

However, an important distinction needs to be understood.

A land or revenue record is not necessarily the same thing as conclusive legal proof of ownership. Legal title to property may depend on registered documents, succession, court orders, encumbrances and other factors.

Understanding Common Land Record Terms

India does not have one identical land-record format for every state. Different regions use different terminology.

Bhulekh

“Bhulekh” is commonly used to describe digital land-record services in several states. The exact records available through a Bhulekh portal depend on the state.

Khasra Number

A Khasra number is generally used as an identifier for a particular parcel of land in the revenue system in several northern states.

It can be especially useful when searching for agricultural land records.

Khata/Khatauni

Khata and Khatauni are terms used in different revenue systems to organise information relating to landholdings or accounts.

Their exact meaning and legal relevance vary between states.

Jamabandi

Jamabandi is a commonly used revenue-record term in states such as Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

It can contain details regarding landholdings and recorded rights.

RoR

RoR stands for Record of Rights.

It is a broad term for records containing information about rights and interests recorded against land.

RTC/Pahani

RTC or Pahani is commonly associated with Karnataka’s land-record system and may contain details regarding land, recorded holders, cultivation and other revenue information.

7/12 Extract

The 7/12 Extract, commonly known as Satbara Utara, is an important land record used in Maharashtra.

Can Land Records Be Checked Online?

In many states, yes.

State governments have developed dedicated websites for land records and related revenue services. Depending on the portal, citizens may be able to:

Search land records
View RoR
Check Jamabandi
Search Khasra/Khatauni
View mutation information
Search by survey number
View maps in some jurisdictions
Download available record copies
Apply for certain certified documents

The exact facilities differ by state.

How to Find the Official Land Record Website

One of the most important parts of checking land records online is ensuring that you are using the genuine government portal.

Look for the official website operated by your state’s:

Revenue Department, Land Records Department, Department of Land Resources, Revenue and Disaster Management Department, or another designated government authority.

Official Indian government websites commonly use domains ending in:

.gov.in

.nic.in

Do not assume that every website containing words such as “Bhulekh,” “land records,” or “Jamabandi” is an official government website.

Third-party websites may publish guides, but sensitive information or payments should only be entered on verified official portals.

Step-by-Step Process to Check Land Records Online

The layout of each state portal is different, but the basic process generally follows these steps.

Step 1: Open Your State’s Official Portal

Visit the official land-record or Revenue Department website for the state where the land is located.

Land records are maintained by the concerned state authorities, so you need the portal of the state where the property is situated, not necessarily the state where you currently live.

Step 2: Choose the Land Record Service

Look for a service such as:

View Land Record
View RoR
Bhulekh
Jamabandi
Khasra/Khatauni
RTC
7/12
Property/Land Search

Select the option corresponding to the record you need.

Step 3: Select the District

Choose the district in which the land is located.

Make sure you select the correct district, particularly if administrative boundaries have changed.

Step 4: Select Tehsil, Taluk, Mandal or Circle

The next level varies according to the state’s administrative structure.

You may be asked to select a:

Tehsil
Taluk
Mandal
Circle
Block
Subdivision
Hobli

Choose the relevant option carefully.

Step 5: Select the Village

Select the revenue village where the property is recorded.

Remember that a postal locality and a revenue village may not always have exactly the same name.

Step 6: Choose How You Want to Search

The portal may offer one or more search options.

Common choices include:

Khasra number: Useful when the land’s Khasra number is known.

Khata number: Searches records linked to a particular land account.

Survey number: Commonly used in several states for identifying parcels.

Plot number: Available on certain portals.

Recorded holder’s name: Some portals allow searches using the person’s name.

Not every search method is available in every state.

Step 7: Enter the Required Information

Enter the number or name exactly as requested by the portal.

You may also need to complete a captcha or other verification.

Check your entry before submitting the search.

Step 8: View the Land Record

If a matching record is available, the portal should display the relevant details.

Review information such as:

Recorded holder’s name
Khasra/survey number
Khata number
Land area
Village details
Land category
Revenue entries
Mutation references
Remarks, where available

Step 9: Save or Print the Record

Where the portal provides the facility, you may be able to print or download the displayed information.

Keep in mind that a simple online printout may not have the same status as an officially certified copy.

If you require the document for a legal proceeding, bank, registration process, loan or another formal purpose, check whether a digitally signed or certified copy is required.

Popular State Land Record Systems

Because land administration is primarily handled at the state level, different states operate different systems.

Here are some commonly recognised names:

State	Common Portal/Record Name
Uttar Pradesh	UP Bhulekh / Khasra-Khatauni
Bihar	Bihar Bhumi / Jamabandi
Rajasthan	Apna Khata
Haryana	Jamabandi
Punjab	Jamabandi / Land Records
Madhya Pradesh	MP Bhulekh
Maharashtra	Mahabhulekh / 7/12
Gujarat	AnyRoR
Karnataka	Bhoomi / RTC
Odisha	Bhulekh Odisha
Jharkhand	Jharbhoomi
Chhattisgarh	Bhuiyan
West Bengal	Banglarbhumi
Uttarakhand	Bhulekh
Himachal Pradesh	Land Records / Jamabandi

The names, services and website addresses can be updated by state governments. Always confirm the current portal through official government sources.

How to Check Land Records by Name

Some users may not know their Khasra, Khata or survey number.

In states where name-based searching is available, you may be able to search using the recorded landholder’s name.

The usual procedure is:

Visit the official portal.
Select district.
Select Tehsil/Taluk.
Choose the village.
Select the name-based search option.
Enter the recorded holder’s name.
Select the appropriate matching entry.
View the available record.

If several people have the same or similar names, verify the result using additional information such as the Khasra, survey or Khata number.

How to Check Using Khasra or Survey Number

If you already have a Khasra or survey number, the search may be more precise.

Open the state portal and select the relevant district, Tehsil/Taluk and village.

Choose Khasra/Survey Number as the search method, enter the number and submit it.

The system may then display the land record associated with that identifier.

What Details Should You Keep Ready?

For a basic online land-record search, you may need some of the following:

State
District
Tehsil/Taluk
Village
Khasra number
Khata number
Survey number
Plot number
Recorded holder’s name

You generally do not need to upload identity documents merely to perform a basic public record search, although particular services may have additional authentication requirements.

Checking Land Records Before Buying Property

Online land records can be helpful when performing preliminary checks before purchasing land.

For example, you can compare:

Seller’s information: Does the available revenue record correspond with the information provided by the seller?

Land identifier: Does the Khasra, survey or plot number match the documents?

Land area: Is the recorded area consistent with the documents being shown?

Mutation entries: Are relevant changes reflected in the available records?

These checks can identify potential inconsistencies, but they should not replace proper legal verification.

Before making a major property purchase, buyers may also need to verify registered deeds, chain of title, encumbrances, applicable approvals, litigation, land use and other relevant records.

What Is Land Mutation?

When land changes hands because of a sale, inheritance, gift, partition or another recognised event, the corresponding revenue records may need to be updated.

This updating process is commonly called mutation.

For example, after buying a property through a registered sale deed, the buyer may need to follow the applicable mutation process so that the relevant revenue record reflects the change.

Mutation procedures differ between states.

In some places, parts of the process are available online, while other cases may require interaction with the local revenue authority.

What If the Land Record Shows the Wrong Name?

Finding incorrect or outdated information does not necessarily mean that the underlying transaction is invalid.

There can be various reasons for discrepancies, including:

Mutation still pending
Old records not updated online
Typographical errors
Incorrect survey details
Changes following inheritance
Data digitisation errors
Administrative delays

If you identify an error, contact the competent revenue authority in your area.

Depending on the state, this may be the:

Patwari
Lekhpal
Village Accountant
Tehsildar
Taluk Office
Circle Office
Revenue Inspector
Other designated land-record authority

Keep your supporting documents ready when requesting correction.

Online Land Record vs Certified Land Record

This distinction is important.

An online portal may provide information for viewing purposes. Such a record can be useful for reference and preliminary verification.

A certified or digitally authenticated land record, on the other hand, may be issued through an authorised process and may be required for certain official purposes.

Do not assume that taking a screenshot of an online page is equivalent to obtaining a certified government record.

Is an Online Land Record Proof of Ownership?

Not necessarily.

A person’s name appearing in a revenue record can be important information, but ownership or legal title to property can involve several other documents and legal considerations.

Depending on the property and circumstances, relevant records may include:

Registered sale deed
Gift deed
Partition deed
Inheritance/succession documents
Revenue records
Mutation records
Encumbrance information
Court orders
Government acquisition records
Other legally relevant documents

For an important property transaction, professional title verification may therefore be appropriate.

Benefits of Online Land Record Services

Digitisation has made basic land-record information much easier to access.

Some benefits include:

Convenience: Records can often be checked from home.

Faster access: Basic searches may take only a few minutes when the required details are available.

Transparency: Citizens can directly view information made available by the government.

Easy comparison: Existing property documents can be compared against online entries.

Availability: Many portals can be accessed through both computers and smartphones.

Can You Check Land Records from a Mobile Phone?

Yes.

You can generally use a smartphone browser to open your state’s official land-record website.

Select the required location and enter the Khasra, survey, Khata or other details just as you would on a computer.

If your state provides an official mobile application, verify its publisher before installing it.

Avoid unofficial applications that ask for unnecessary permissions or sensitive personal information.

Common Problems While Searching Land Records

Users sometimes encounter issues such as:

Record Not Found

Double-check the district, Tehsil/Taluk, village and land number.

Name Not Appearing

The portal may not support name-based searches, or the record may be registered under a different spelling or older entry.

Website Not Opening

Government portals may occasionally experience maintenance or high traffic. Try again later or access the Revenue Department’s main website for current links.

Details Are Outdated

Online databases may not always reflect very recent changes immediately.

Contact the competent revenue office if an important update is missing.

Important Safety Precautions

When checking property records online:

Prefer official government websites.
Verify the website address before entering information.
Never share banking passwords, card PINs or UPI PINs.
Do not share OTPs with unknown agents.
Be cautious of websites promising guaranteed ownership changes.
Pay fees only through authorised channels.
Keep receipts for official payments.
Independently verify records before a property transaction.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I check land records online in India?

Many states provide online access to certain land and revenue records through their respective government portals.

Is there one land-record website for all of India?

Land records are generally managed through state-specific systems. Therefore, users typically need to access the relevant state’s official portal.

Can I check land records without a Khasra number?

Possibly. Some portals allow searches using Khata numbers, survey numbers, plot numbers or recorded holder names.

Can I search for land using a person’s name?

Some states provide name-based searches, but this facility is not universal.

Is checking land records online free?

Basic viewing may be available free of charge on many portals. Certain certified copies or additional services may require an official fee.

Can I download my land record?

Many portals provide print or download options. Whether the downloaded document is certified depends on the service offered by the state.

What should I do if the record is incorrect?

Contact the appropriate Revenue or Land Records authority and follow the official correction or mutation procedure.

Can online land records confirm property ownership?

They can provide useful revenue information but should not automatically be treated as conclusive proof of legal title.

Conclusion

Checking land records online has made access to basic property information much easier for citizens across India. Depending on the state, people can use services such as Bhulekh, Jamabandi, Bhoomi, RoR, Khasra-Khatauni, RTC, AnyRoR, 7/12 and other regional land-record systems.

The basic process is usually straightforward: visit the official state portal, select the district and local administrative area, choose the village, enter the relevant Khasra, Khata, survey or other identifier, and view the available record.

While these online systems are useful for preliminary verification and accessing revenue information, they should be used carefully. Property ownership can involve multiple legal documents and records beyond what appears on a land-record portal.

For any significant transaction, particularly the purchase, sale, inheritance or mortgage of land, verify the necessary information through competent government authorities and obtain professional assistance where appropriate.

Disclaimer

This article is intended solely for general information and educational purposes. It is not an official government publication and should not be considered legal, financial, property, investment, or professional advice. This website is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or connected to any state Revenue Department, Land Records Department, registration authority, or other government agency.

Land-record systems, portal names, website addresses, services, fees, procedures, terminology and legal requirements vary between Indian states and Union Territories and may change over time. Readers should verify the latest information directly through the official website or office of the relevant state government.

Online land records and revenue entries should not automatically be treated as conclusive proof of legal ownership or clear property title. Before buying, selling, transferring, inheriting, mortgaging, or otherwise dealing with land, verify all relevant documents and records through the appropriate authorities. For transactions involving significant financial or legal consequences, consider obtaining advice from a qualified legal professional.

Never share passwords, UPI PINs, banking credentials or OTPs with unknown persons claiming that they can check, correct or transfer land records on your behalf.