Land records are important documents for anyone who owns, purchases, inherits, or deals with land in India. These records can contain information about the recorded landholder, plot or survey number, land area, classification, revenue details, and other entries maintained by the concerned revenue authorities.
Earlier, obtaining land-related information often required visiting a Tehsil, Taluk, Patwari, or other local revenue office. Today, many Indian states and Union Territories provide digital land-record services through official government portals.
Depending on the state, these services may be known as Bhulekh, Bhoomi, Jamabandi, RoR (Record of Rights), Khata, Khasra, Khatauni, 7/12 Extract, Adangal, Pahani, or other regional names.
This guide explains how to check land records online, what information you may need, how state land-record portals generally work, and what precautions you should take while using online records.
What Are Land Records?
Land records are official records maintained by government revenue and land administration authorities. They document various details associated with a particular piece of land.
The exact information available depends on the state and type of record. A typical land record may contain:
- Name of the recorded landholder
- District, Tehsil/Taluk and village
- Khasra, survey or plot number
- Khata or account number
- Total land area
- Type or classification of land
- Revenue-related entries
- Mutation details or references
- Cultivation information in applicable records
- Other rights or remarks recorded by the revenue department
It is important to understand that terminology and record formats differ considerably between states.
What Does “Check Land Records” Mean?
Checking land records generally means searching the government’s available revenue records for information connected with a particular land parcel.
For example, a person may want to check whether their name appears in the available Record of Rights or find the details associated with a particular Khasra or survey number.
Online availability makes preliminary verification much easier because users can often search from a phone or computer before visiting a government office.
However, an online land-record entry should not automatically be treated as complete legal proof of ownership. Property ownership and title can involve registered deeds, inheritance documents, mutation records, court orders, encumbrances and other documents.
Different Names Used for Land Records in India
There is no single name for land records throughout India. Common terms include:
Bhulekh: A commonly used term for online land-record systems in several states.
Record of Rights (RoR): A revenue record containing information regarding recorded rights and interests in land.
Khasra: Generally associated with individual land parcels or agricultural plots in several northern states.
Khatauni: Often contains details related to holdings or cultivators within a village revenue system.
Jamabandi: A commonly used revenue record in states such as Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
7/12 Extract: A widely recognised land record in Maharashtra.
Pahani/RTC: Commonly associated with Karnataka land records.
Adangal: A land/revenue record terminology used in some southern states.
Khata: A term that can refer to a land/property account, although its exact legal and administrative meaning varies by state and local authority.
Users should therefore search according to the terminology officially used by their state government.
How to Check Land Records Online
Although every state’s portal is different, the general process is usually similar.
Step 1: Visit the Official State Land Records Portal
Start by visiting the official land records, revenue department, or land administration website of your state.
Government portals commonly use domains ending in .gov.in or .nic.in, although users should still verify that they have reached the correct official website.
Avoid entering property information on an unknown website simply because it appears at the top of a search result.
Step 2: Select the Relevant Land Record Service
Look for options such as:
- View RoR
- Bhulekh
- Jamabandi
- RTC
- Land Record
- Khasra/Khatauni
- 7/12
- Record of Rights
- Property Search
The available terminology will depend on the state.
Step 3: Select Your Location
You may be asked to choose the location of the land in a hierarchy such as:
District → Tehsil/Taluk → Village
Some portals may additionally ask for a subdivision, circle, block, mandal, hobli, revenue village, or other administrative unit.
Select the location carefully because a wrong village or revenue jurisdiction can produce an incorrect or empty result.
Step 4: Choose a Search Method
Depending on the state portal, records may be searchable using one or more identifiers, such as:
- Khasra number
- Khata number
- Survey number
- Plot number
- Owner/recorded holder name
- Account number
Not every portal supports searching by name.
Step 5: Enter the Required Details
Enter the requested information exactly as available in your existing documents.
If the portal asks for a captcha or OTP verification, complete that step as instructed.
Step 6: View the Available Record
Once the information is submitted, the portal may display the corresponding land-record details.
Check important entries carefully, including:
- Recorded holder’s name
- Plot/survey/Khasra number
- Land area
- Village
- Khata/account details
- Land classification
- Mutation references, where shown
- Remarks or other recorded information
Step 7: Download or Print, If Available
Some portals allow users to download, save, or print a copy of the displayed record.
However, a downloaded informational copy and an officially certified copy may have different legal status. If a certified document is required for a bank, court, registration, government procedure, or another formal purpose, check the certification procedure prescribed by the concerned authority.
State-Wise Land Record Portals in India
Most states operate their own systems rather than relying on one identical nationwide land-record website.
Some well-known examples include:
| State | Common Land Record System/Terminology |
|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | Bhulekh / Khasra-Khatauni |
| Bihar | Bihar Bhumi / Jamabandi |
| Madhya Pradesh | Bhulekh |
| Rajasthan | Apna Khata / Jamabandi |
| Haryana | Jamabandi |
| Punjab | Jamabandi / Land Records |
| Maharashtra | Mahabhulekh / 7/12 |
| Karnataka | Bhoomi / RTC |
| Gujarat | AnyRoR |
| Telangana | State land/revenue services |
| Andhra Pradesh | Revenue/Land Records services |
| Odisha | Bhulekh |
| Jharkhand | Jharbhoomi |
| Chhattisgarh | Bhuiyan |
| West Bengal | Banglarbhumi |
| Uttarakhand | Bhulekh |
| Himachal Pradesh | Land Records / Jamabandi |
Portal names, URLs, available records and services can change over time. Users should verify the current portal through the concerned state government’s Revenue or Land Records Department.
What Information Is Usually Required?
You generally don’t need a large number of documents just to perform a basic online search.
Depending on the portal, it can help to have:
- State and district
- Tehsil, Taluk, Mandal or Circle
- Village name
- Khasra or survey number
- Khata/account number
- Plot number
- Name of the recorded holder
Having an old land record, sale deed, property document, tax receipt, or other existing record can make it easier to identify the correct numbers.
How to Check Land Records Using a Khasra or Survey Number
Searching with a unique parcel identifier is often more precise than searching by a person’s name.
The general procedure is:
- Open your state’s official land-record portal.
- Select the relevant district.
- Choose the Tehsil/Taluk and village.
- Select Khasra, survey, or plot-number search.
- Enter the number carefully.
- Submit the request.
- Review the corresponding record.
Remember that the format of survey and Khasra numbers differs between states.
How to Check Land Records by Name
Some state portals provide a search facility using the recorded landholder’s name.
Where available, select the district, Tehsil/Taluk and village first. Then choose the name-based search option and enter the name.
If multiple people have similar names, additional verification through the survey/Khasra/Khata number is advisable.
Name search is not available on every government portal.
Why Should You Check Land Records?
Land records can be useful in several situations.
Before Purchasing Land
A prospective buyer can use available records as one part of the preliminary verification process.
You can compare the available revenue information with documents provided by the seller.
However, checking an online revenue record alone is not sufficient legal due diligence for purchasing property.
After Purchasing Property
After registration and the applicable mutation process, owners may want to check whether relevant revenue records have been updated.
In Inheritance Cases
When land passes through inheritance, the concerned parties may need to check whether subsequent changes have been entered into the applicable revenue records.
For Agricultural Purposes
Farmers may require land-related documents when dealing with certain agricultural services, government schemes, loans, crop-related processes or other official requirements.
The specific document required will depend on the scheme or institution.
For Property Disputes
Land records can provide useful historical and revenue information in disputes. However, legal ownership should be determined using the complete set of relevant documents and applicable law rather than relying solely on an online entry.
What Is Mutation of Land?
Mutation generally refers to updating the relevant revenue record following a change such as sale, inheritance, gift, partition or another recognised transfer.
For example, after a registered sale deed is completed, the applicable revenue records may need to be updated through the prescribed mutation procedure.
The process, required documents, fees, timelines and legal effect vary between states.
Users should check their state’s official Revenue Department guidelines rather than assuming that registration and mutation are the same process.
Online Land Record vs Registered Sale Deed
These two documents serve different purposes.
A registered sale deed records a property transaction executed and registered according to the applicable registration procedure.
A land/revenue record contains entries maintained by revenue authorities regarding the land and recorded rights or interests.
Therefore, finding someone’s name in an online revenue record should not, by itself, be considered conclusive proof that there are no competing claims, mortgages, court cases, registration issues or other legal complications.
What If Your Name Is Missing or Details Are Wrong?
Sometimes users may discover that:
- Their name is misspelled
- An old owner’s name is still displayed
- Land area appears incorrect
- Mutation is not reflected
- Survey/Khasra details do not match
- The online record has not been updated
Do not attempt to resolve such discrepancies through unofficial websites or agents claiming guaranteed corrections.
Contact the appropriate local revenue authority, which may include the Patwari, Village Accountant, Tehsil/Taluk office, Circle Office, Revenue Inspector, or another designated authority depending on your state.
Carry the relevant supporting documents and follow the official correction or mutation procedure.
Can Land Records Be Checked on a Mobile Phone?
Yes. Most modern government portals can be accessed through a smartphone browser.
The basic process is the same:
Open the official portal → select location → enter the land identifier → verify the details → view the record.
Some state governments may also provide official mobile applications or integrated digital services.
Before installing an app, verify that it is actually published or authorised by the concerned government authority.
Safety Tips While Checking Land Records Online
Property information is important, so users should take basic precautions.
Use official government portals: Avoid websites pretending to be government services.
Check the domain carefully: Look for the official department and domain before entering information.
Avoid unnecessary payments: Basic record viewing may be free on many portals, while certain certified records or services may carry an official fee.
Do not share OTPs: Never disclose an OTP, password, banking PIN, or other sensitive authentication information to an unknown person claiming to retrieve a land record.
Verify before a transaction: An online record should be one part of broader property verification.
Keep official receipts: If you pay an official fee for a certified copy or another government service, retain the acknowledgement or receipt.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I check my land record online?
In many Indian states, yes. State governments provide online land-record services through their respective revenue or land-record portals.
Can I search land records by owner’s name?
Some states support name-based searches, while others primarily require Khasra, survey, Khata, plot or account numbers.
Is checking a land record online free?
Basic viewing is often available without charge on many state portals. However, certified copies and certain additional services may involve an official fee.
What is a Khasra number?
A Khasra number is generally an identifier assigned to a land parcel in revenue records in several parts of India. Terminology and implementation vary by state.
What is Khatauni?
Khatauni is a revenue-record term commonly used in parts of northern India and generally relates to landholding or cultivation accounts. Its exact structure varies by state.
What is RoR?
RoR stands for Record of Rights. It contains recorded information regarding rights and interests associated with land according to the state’s revenue system.
What should I do if the online record is incorrect?
Contact the concerned revenue authority and follow the state’s prescribed correction or mutation process with supporting documents.
Can I use an online land record as proof of ownership?
Do not assume that an online revenue record alone conclusively establishes legal title. The legal status of a property can depend on registered deeds, succession documents, court orders, encumbrances and other records.
Conclusion
Digitisation has made checking land records considerably more convenient across India. Instead of relying entirely on visits to revenue offices for basic information, citizens in many states can now search for land details online using Khasra, Khata, survey, plot or other identifiers.
The most important step is to use the official land-record portal of the relevant state and verify that the district, Tehsil/Taluk, village and land identifier are correct.
Online land records are particularly useful for preliminary verification, checking revenue entries and identifying whether certain updates appear in government databases. For property purchases, disputes, inheritance matters, loans or other legally significant transactions, however, users should verify all relevant documents through the appropriate government authorities and, where necessary, qualified legal professionals.
Disclaimer
This article is provided for general educational and informational purposes only. It is not an official government publication and does not provide legal, financial, property, or professional advice. We are not affiliated with any state Revenue Department, Land Records Department, registration authority, or other government agency.
Land-record terminology, portals, procedures, fees, eligibility requirements, availability of online records and legal rules can differ from one state or Union Territory to another and may change over time. Readers should always verify current information through the official website or office of the concerned state government.
Information displayed on an online land-record portal should not automatically be considered conclusive proof of legal ownership or clear property title. Before purchasing, selling, inheriting, mortgaging, or entering into any significant transaction involving land, independently verify the applicable registered documents, revenue records, encumbrances, mutations and other relevant information through competent authorities. Where appropriate, seek advice from a qualified property lawyer or other authorised professional.
Never make payments to unknown individuals or websites claiming to provide guaranteed land-record corrections, ownership transfers, or government approvals.